Table 2 Studies on the use of AR technology in knee arthroplasty
From: Augmented reality-aided unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Reference | Procedure | Characteristics of the AR technology-assisted system | Required preoperative imaging study | Radiographic outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Pokhrel, et al. [14] | TKA | Superimposing the image of the remaining area of bone to resect onto the actually resected bone surface in the surgical field | Computed tomography scan of the knee | No radiographic data available |
Tsukada, et al. [18] | TKA | Superimposing the tibial mechanical axis and rotational axis onto the patient's limb in the surgical field and showing the resecting angles and depth in real time | Nothing | Cutting error of proximal tibia was less than 1° in both coronal and sagittal planes and less than 2° in rotational alignment |
Iacono, et al. [6] | TKA | Superimposing the tibial and femoral mechanical axes onto the patient's limb in the surgical field and showing the resecting angles in real time | Nothing | Cutting error of both proximal tibia and distal femur was less than 1° in coronal plane and less than 2° in sagittal plane, respectively |
Tsukada, et al. [19] | TKA | Superimposing the femoral mechanical axis and location of the femoral head center onto the patient's limb in the surgical field and showing the resecting angles in real time | Nothing | Cutting error of distal femur using AR technology was significantly smaller than that using conventional intramedullary rod technique |
Fucentese, et al. [5] | TKA | Showing the bone resecting angles and the lengths of the medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament in real time | Computed tomography scans of the hip, knee and ankle | No radiographic data available |
Current study | UKA | Superimposing the tibial mechanical axis and rotational axis onto the patient's limb in the surgical field and showing the resecting angles and depth in real time | Nothing | Cutting error of proximal tibia was less than 2° in coronal plane and less than 3° in sagittal plane, respectively |