Fig. 2

a A custom-designed drill guide plate with a series of holes (n = 20–30) along a curved line was placed on the tibial skin surface under a fluoroscopic control. b A custom-designed drill guide plate was fixed with a Kirschner steel wires of 2.4 mm diameter under fluoroscopic control in the extension of the knee. b The drill guide plate was fixed firmly with three Kirschner steel wires. c A Kirschner steel wire of 2.4 mm- diameter was used to create holes percutaneously into the tibia along the curve with 120° of flexion of the knee. Drilling was performed with the Kirschner wire from anterior to posterior cortex of the tibia at low rotation speed for the reaming