Table 2 General description of included studies

Case control study

 Kastelec M 2004 [18]

Slovenia

RS

Plate

11

NM

NM

55.1 (11–77)

54 (29–87)

16/24

TOR with partial patellectomy

13

NM

NM

50.5 (20–72)

56 (28–91)

 Matejcic A 2008 [31]

Croatia

RS

Plate

71

NM

NM

NM

NM

13/24

TOR with partial patellectomy

49

NM

NM

NM

NM

 Kadar A 2016 [17]

Israel

RS

SA

27

15

12

52 ± 18

32.3 ± 11.5

17/24

TOR

33

19

14

55 ± 20

41.6 ± 14.6

 Li J 2019 [22]

China

RS

TBW + cerclage wire + PT

30

18

12

52.6 ± 13.0

11.6 (9–15)

15/24

TBW only

28

15

13

52.5 ± 11.6

 Zhang ZS 2020 [46]

China

RS

Screw TBW + PT

22

8

14

57.4 ± 13.7

15 ± 5.2

17/24

Screw TBW

41

19

22

56.7 ± 13.8

18 ± 11.6

 Chang CH 2021 [2]

Taiwan

RS

TBW

30

10

20

59.7 ± 14.1

 > 6

17/24

TOR

25

13

12

55.3 ± 19.8

 > 6

 Huang WZ 2021 [14]

China

RS

TOR

14

9

5

27.6 ± 10.6

22.6 ± 9.7

17/24

SA

21

12

9

45.6 ± 11.5

18.7 ± 5.9

 Lu MK 2021 [26]

China

RS

TBW + SA

17

6

11

53.9 ± 11.1

24.2 ± 2.8

16/24

TBW

20

10

10

54.4 ± 10.5

24.7 ± 2.5

 Yu H 2021 [45]

China

RS

SA

25

15

10

53.4 ± 8.6

18.2 ± 5.2

17/24

SVM + cerclage wire

23

17

6

54.7 ± 8.1

16.7 ± 4.3

 Chen R 2022 [4]

China

RS

Concentrator

46

17

29

56.0 ± 10.0

 > 12

17/24

Concentrator + cerclage wire

48

19

29

55.8 ± 11.2

 > 12

 Du B 2022 [6]

China

RS

TBW

21

NM

NM

51.4 ± 10.3

10.8 ± 1.1

17/24

Plate + cerclage wire

28

NM

NM

54.8 ± 10.7

10.5 ± 1.2

 Kuo LY 2022 [21]

Taiwan

PS

TOR

15

3

12

58.7 ± 14.6

 > 12

18/24

TOR + PT

20

5

15

61.1 ± 15.5

 > 12

 Xie J 2022 [41]

China

RS

SA + Fig. 8 wire

10

NM

NM

46.0 ± 19.5

7.9 ± 2.3

17/24

TBW

18

NM

NM

47.6 ± 15.7

10.3 ± 4.2

 Park YG 2022 [35]

Korea

RS

TBW

35

20

10

35.4 ± 25.4

28.8 ± 3.6

17/24

SA

28

19

9

34.9 ± 13.7

32.4 ± 8.4

Case series

 Yang KH 2003 [43]

Korea

RS

SVM

25

19

6

36.8 ± 14.7

23.4 ± 14.1

7/16

 Matejcic A 2006 [32]

Croatia

RS

Plate

51

38

13

46 (20–66)

60 (24–156)

7/16

 Singh RP 2007 [37]

Nepal

RS

TOR + partial patellectomy + PT

14

35 (24–48)

36

6/16

 Chang SM 2011 [3]

China

PS

Screw + TBW

10

6

4

59.8 ± 8.7

12

12/16

 Kim YM 2011 [20]

Korea

RS

SVW

18

10

8

47.1 ± 13.3

29.9 ± 13.8

10/16

 Liu XW 2011 [25]

China

RS

Concentrator

25

17

8

40.1 ± 18.5

26.0 ± 11.5

5/16

 Song HK 2014 [38]

Korea

RS

SVM + cerclage wire

21

10

11

64.0 ± 11.7

25.4 ± 11.7

9/16

 Matejcic A 2015 [30]

Croatia

RS

Plate

98

70

28

43.5 (18–69)

162 (12–300)

6/16

 Oh HK 2015 [33]

Korea

RS

SVW + TOR

11

5

6

54.6 (23–74)

13 (10–23)

8/16

 Fan J 2017 [7]

China

RS

Modified SVW

11

7

4

49.9 ± 18.2

17.2 (12–32)

7/16

 Massoud EIE 2017 [29]

Egypt

PS

TOR + cerclage wire

23

5

18

83.4 ± 15.4

 > 24

11/16

 Yang X 2017 [44]

China

RS

TBW + cerclage wire

11

5

6

60.9 (29–81)

 > 12

7/16

 Cho JW 2018 [5]

Korea

RS

SVW + plate buttress

13

7

6

55.3 ± 12.36

13.5 ± 3.2

9/16

 He S 2018 [10]

China

RS

SVW + cerclage wire

11

5

6

63.5 ± 11.0

21.7 (18–35)

10/16

 Achudan S 2020 [1]

Singapore

RS

TOR + Fig. 8 wire

14

3

11

59.4 ± 11.7

6

6/16

 Zhu W 2020 [48]

China

RS

TBW + buttress plate

17

8

9

52.8 ± 14.9

13.1 ± 1.4

8/16

 Kim KS 2021 [19]

Korea

RS

SA

22

13

9

46 ± 20

25 ± 18

6/16

 Yan SG 2021 [42]

China

RS

SVW + cerclage wire

20

10

10

54.0 ± 14.5

18.9 (12–36)

10/16

 Jang JH 2021 [15]

Korea

RS

TOR + plate buttress

12

2

10

54.0

14.3

6/16

 Hu JL 2022 [12]

China

PS

TOR + cerclage wire

22

13

9

47.8 ± 9.7

12 ± 4

10/16

 Li M 2022 [23]

China

RS

Plate + cerclage wire

21

14

7

43.9 ± 7.8

12.6 ± 0.9

10/16

 Pu SQ 2022 [36]

China

RS

Primary suture + ESF

11

6

5

39.0 ± 12.8

20.4 ± 7.6

10/16

 Zhou M 2022 [47]

China

RS

TOR + suture bridge

18

10

8

50.1 ± 14.5

19.6 ± 5.0

10/16

 Gao Z 2022 [8]

China

RS

TBW + TOR

15

8

7

43.4 ± 10.8

13.7 ± 1.7

9/16

 Gu H 2022 [9]

China

RS

Plate + cerclage wire

16

8

8

55.6 ± 12.0

30.1 ± 5.3

10/16

 Jian Z 2022 [16]

China

RS

TBW + cerclage wire

31

13

38

56.0 (32–78)

21.0 (18–35)

10/16

 Liu CD 2023 [24]

China

RS

Screw + SA

22

8

14

55.0 (18–74)

16.7 ± 4.8

8/16 

 Ma XY 2023 [27]

China

RS

Plate

30

17

13

60.5 ± 10.5

13.8 ± 2.1

10/16