Table 3 Studies included with total number of cases and infections in each group

Chaudhry et al. 2021 [27]

240

117

123

6 (5.1)

8 (6.5)

62.29 ± 9.63

65.41 ± 9.042

43.4/56.6

46.7/53.3

6 months

Zhou et al. 2017 [28]

140

72 (51.4%)

68 (48.6%)

5 (6.9)

3 (4.4)

66.8 ± 8.6

69.1 ± 7.6

18.06/81.94

10.29/89.71

6 months

Wu et al. 2018 [29]

100

50 (50%)

50 (50%)

0

0

67.58 ± 4.61

68.06 ± 3.16

44/56

38/62

6 months

Vandenbussche et al. 2002 [30]

80

40 (50%)

40 (50%)

0

0

72.5 (38–89)

68.5 (50–81)

22.5/77.5

40/60

3 months

Ejaz et al. 2014 [31]

64

33 (51.6%)

31 (48.4%)

0

0

68 ± 8.4

68 ± 7.8

54.55/45.45

54.84/45.16

1 year

Jawhar et al. 2020 [32, 33]

99

50 (50.5%)

49 (49.5%)

1 (2)

1 (2)

69.3 ± 7.4

68.3 ± 7.8

34/66

38.78/61.22

6 months

Goel et 2019 [34]

200

100 (50%)

100 (50%)

2 (2)

1 (1)

66.0 ± 7.0

65.5 ± 7.8

50/50

48/52

6–8 months

Alexandersson et al. 2019 [35]

81

38 (46.9%)

43 (53.1%)

2 (5.3)

0

68.0 ± 7.4

69.7 ± 6.4

47.37/52.63

51.16/48.84

3 months

Huang et al. 2017 [36]

150

50

50

4 (8)

0

66.2 ± 8.3

65.1 ± 6.8

36/64

32/68

6 months

Liu et al. 2017 [26, 37]

52 (bilateral knee)

52

52

1 (2)

0

67.0 ± 8.0

67.0 ± 8.0

30.77/69.23

30.77/69.23

25 months (19–36)

Tetro et al. 2001 [38]

63

33

30

4 (11.6)

1 (3.3)

69.8 ± 6.7

69.8 ± 9.0

45.45/54.55

36.67/63.33

7 days

Clarke et al. 2001 [39]

31

20

11

1 (5)

0

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

7 days

Wakankar et al. 1998

77

37

40

0

0

72.5 (57–85)

71.8 (43–91)

29.73/70.27

35/65

4 months

Abdel-salam et al. 1995 [20]

80

40

40

5 (12.5)

0

72 (65–80)

74 (64–82)

42.5/57.5

37.5/62.5

2 years

Total

1457

732

727

31

14

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a