Effects of foot progression angle on kinematics and kinetics of a cutting movement

Nishizawa, Kohei; Hashimoto, Takeshi; Hakukawa, Satoshi; Nagura, Takeo; Otani, Toshiro; Harato, Kengo

doi:10.1186/s40634-022-00447-1

Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Table 2 Mean (SD) value of kinematic and kinetic parameters at peak Fz during cutting maneuver

From: Effects of foot progression angle on kinematics and kinetics of a cutting movement

	TI	TN	TO	P Value^*	Effect size^d
Kinematic parameters (deg.)	TI	TN	TO	P Value^*	TI-TN	TI-TO	TN-TO
Knee
Flexion angle (Flexion: + ; Extension: -)	35.6 (9.4)	35.9 (12.2)	35.5 (10.5)	n.s	0.04	0.06	0.09
Abduction angle (Abduction + ; Adduction: -)	0.8 (7.1)	-1.9 (5.0)	-5.2 (5.6)	< .001	0.63^a	0.85^b	0.81^c
Internal rotation angle (Internal: + ; External: -)	-5.9 (10.1)	-8.2 (8.1)	-12.2 (11.5)	< .05	0.26	0.72^b	0.49
Hip
Flexion angle (Flexion: + ; Extension: -)	39.3 (19.3)	41.1 (16.1)	44.0 (16.7)	< .05	0.16	0.71^b	0.43
Adduction angle (Adduction + ; Abduction: -)	-2.5 (5.9)	-4.6 (4.7)	-5.5 (6.2)	n.s	0.30	0.39	0.18
Internal rotation angle (Internal: + ; External: -)	0.7 (12.8)	-1.9 (10.1)	-5.2 (10.2)	< .05	0.28	0.71^b	0.58^c
Pelvis-trunk
Flexion angle (Flexion: + ; Extension: -)	10.8 (12.4)	12.8 (11.3)	12.3 (13.0)	n.s	0.23	0.29	0.11
Lateral bending angle (Nondominant: + ; Dominant: -)	17.2 (6.1)	15.9 (6.0)	15.7 (6.9)	n.s	0.19	0.17	0.00
Rotation angle (Nondominant: + ; Dominant: -)	15.7 (10.6)	9.2 (8.1)	5.7 (7.3)	< .001	0.49	0.87^b	0.49
Kinetic parameters (Nm per kg)
Knee
Flexion moment (Flexion: + ; Extension: -)	1.5 (1.6)	1.0 (1.5)	0.7 (2.0)	n.s	0.31	0.49	0.23
Abduction moment (Abduction + ; Adduction: -)	0.6 (1.2)	-0.6 (0.8)	-1.1 (0.9)	< .001	0.74^a	0.88^b	0.37
Internal rotation moment (Internal: + ; External: -)	0.1 (0.7)	-0.4 (0.4)	-0.6 (0.4)	< .05	0.64^a	0.72^b	0.47
Hip
Flexion moment (Flexion: + ; Extension: -)	4.1 (4.4)	5.2 (4.8)	5.5 (5.2)	n.s	0.28	0.42	0.15
Adduction moment (Adduction + ; Abduction: -)	-0.03 (1.9)	0.9 (0.9)	1.2 (1.3)	n.s	0.46	0.38	0.07
Internal rotation moment (Internal: + ; External: -)	0.3 (1.2)	1.2 (1.2)	1.1 (1.2)	< .001	0.70^a	0.53	0.03

^*Values determined using the Friedman test
^aSignificant difference between Toe-in (TI) and Toe-neutral (TN) positions
^bSignificant difference between TI land Toe-out (TO) positions
^cSignificant difference between TN and TO position
^dEffect size was calculated using Wilcoxon signed-rank test

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