Effects of foot progression angle on kinematics and kinetics of a cutting movement

Nishizawa, Kohei; Hashimoto, Takeshi; Hakukawa, Satoshi; Nagura, Takeo; Otani, Toshiro; Harato, Kengo

doi:10.1186/s40634-022-00447-1

Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Table 1 Mean (SD) value of peak kinematic and kinetic parameters within a 40% stance phase during the cutting maneuver

From: Effects of foot progression angle on kinematics and kinetics of a cutting movement

	TI	TN	TO	P Value^*	Effect size r^d
	TI	TN	TO	P Value^*	TI-TN	TI-TO	TN-TO
Kinematic parameters (deg.)
Knee
Flexion angle (Flexion: + ; Extension: -)	52.0 (9.3)	51.2 (8.6)	53.2 (7.4)	n.s	0.17	0.24	0.37
Abduction angle (Abduction + ; Adduction: -)	2.3 (7.1)	-0.1 (5.2)	-3.1 (5.9)	< .001	0.51	0.80^b	0.76^c
Internal rotation angle (Internal: + ; External: -)	0.4 (7.5)	-1.5 (7.6)	-3.7 (10.0)	< .05	0.56^a	0.75^b	0.52
Hip
Flexion angle (Flexion: + ; Extension: -)	45.2 (16.5)	46.5 (15.1)	49.0 (14.9)	n.s	0.15	0.63^b	0.54
Adduction angle (Adduction + ; Abduction: -)	0.9 (5.4)	-1.7 (5.0)	-3.4 (5.1)	< .05	0.38	0.61^b	0.44
Internal rotation angle (Internal: + ; External: -)	6.2 (10.9)	2.8 (9.8)	-0.1 (9.3)	< .001	0.60^a	0.83^b	0.67^c
Pelvis-trunk
Flexion angle (Flexion: + ; Extension: -)	17.8 (10.8)	19.9 (10.2)	20.5 (11.7)	< .05	0.45	0.55^b	0.06
Lateral bending angle (Nondominant: + ; Dominant: -)	21.0 (6.3)	20.0 (6.3)	19.6 (6.2)	n.s	0.18	0.21	0.06
Rotation angle (Nondominant: + ; Dominant: -)	20.4 (10.0)	14.2 (7.5)	10.8 (7.6)	< .001	0.66	0.83^b	0.53
Kinetic parameters (Nm per kg)
Knee
Flexion moment (Flexion: + ; Extension: -)	3.0 (0.7)	2.8 (0.6)	3.0 (0.6)	n.s	0.42	0.01	0.30
Abduction moment (Abduction + ; Adduction: -)	1.3 (0.9)	0.7 (0.4)	0.6 (0.5)	< .05	0.57^a	0.66^b	0.22
Internal rotation moment (Internal: + ; External: -)	0.8 (0.5)	0.6 (0.5)	0.4 (0.4)	< .05	0.28	0.66^b	0.30
Hip
Flexion moment (Flexion: + ; Extension: -)	6.4 (3.5)	5.9 (3.3)	6.2 (3.8)	n.s	0.07	0.07	0.10
Adduction moment (Adduction + ; Abduction: -)	2.2 (0.7)	2.0 (0.6)	2.3 (0.8)	n.s	0.13	0.15	0.25
Internal rotation moment (Internal: + ; External: -)	1.7 (1.2)	1.6 (0.9)	2.0 (1.4)	n.s	0.08	0.20	0.46

^*Values determined using the Friedman test
^aSignificant difference between Toe-in (TI) and Toe-neutral (TN) positions
^bSignificant difference between TI land Toe-out (TO) positions
^cSignificant difference between TN and TO positions
^dEffect size was calculated using Wilcoxon signed-rank test

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