Table 4 Summarizes advantages and disadvantages of currently reported technique of medial trapezius tendon transfer; AC acromio-clavicular joint, ex-SALT extra-articular soft arthroscopic Latarjet technique, GH gleno-humeral, RC rotator cuff, SSP supraspinatus

Advantages:

∙ More-anatomic dynamic reproduction of SSP function

∙ Re-normalized GH kinematics (centralized humeral head over the glenoid)

∙ Avoidance of mechanical block of the tendon reconstruct

∙ Effective reproduction of anatomic RC footprint

∙ Preserved scapular kinematics

∙ Versatile indications

∙ Technical simplicity, familiarity, safety & reproducibility

∙ Interposed hamstring sheet is to minimize sub-periosteal trapezius dissection, tension over the reconstruct and displacement of related neuro-vasculatures

∙ No violation of AC joint

∙ Feasibility of arthroscopic-assisted modality of the technique

∙ Feasible concurrent GH reconstructive procedures (e.g. latissimus dorsi transfer, ex-SALT)

∙ Accelerated postoperative rehabilitation

∙ Relatively-easy revision

Limitations:

∙ Possible seroma formation

∙ Relatively higher risk of post-operative infection

∙ Technical irreproducibility in trapezius muscle paralysis

∙ Multiple re-attachment interfaces

∙ No biomechanical validation

∙ No related electrophysiological evidence

∙ No long-term cohort clinical studies

∙ Unclear biomechanical consequences on nearby cervical spine