Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Table 3 A comparison of pre- and post-intervention data in the two groups

From: The effect of static stretching exercises on hip range of motion, pain, and disability in patients with non-specific low back pain

Variable	Group						P-value
	Control			Experimental			P-value
	Mean ± SD		Effect Size	Mean ± SD		Effect Size	Time Main Effect	Group Main Effect	Group × Time Interaction
	Pre-test	Post-test	Effect Size	Pre-test	Post-test	Effect Size	Time Main Effect	Group Main Effect	Group × Time Interaction
ODI (%)	28.01 ± 4.69	24.76 ± 4.93	0.54	29.51 ± 8.66	16.66 ± 5.86	0.68	0.002	0.451	0.568
VAS (cm)	5.11 ± 1.43	4.85 ± 1.08	0.61	4.70 ± 1.11	3.12 ± 1.28	0.61	0.001	0.148	0.918
Hip PROM (Right) (°)	-6.07 ± 1.97	-4.03 ± 1.21	0.49	-5.41 ± 1.74	-0.75 ± 0.96	.73	0.016	0.176	0.321
Hip PROM (Left) (°)	-5.01 ± 1.20	-4.26 ± 1.23	0.59	-5.87 ± 1.76	-1.23 ± 1.93	0.57	0.001	0.218	0.467

p ≤ 0.05, Oswestry Low Back Disability; ODI, visual analog scale; VAS, Passive Range of Motion; PROM

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