Fig. 1

Illustrations of the anatomical measurements. The lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) was defined as the lateral angle between the femoral axis and the tangent to the femoral condyles. The medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) was defined as the medial angle between the tibial anatomic axis and the joint line of the proximal tibia. The joint line convergence angle (JLCA) was defined as the angle between the tangent to the subchondral plates of the femoral condyle and the tibial plateau