Biomechanical testing of fixed and adjustable femoral cortical suspension devices for ACL reconstruction under high loads and extended cyclic loading

Singh, Sarvpreet; Ramos-Pascual, Sonia; Czerbak, Kinga; Malik, Muzaffar; Schranz, Peter J.; Miles, Anthony W.; Mandalia, Vipul

doi:10.1186/s40634-020-00235-9

Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Table 3 Literature table reporting the elongation during cyclic loading and ultimate failure load of both fixed- and adjustable- loop femoral cortical suspension devices

From: Biomechanical testing of fixed and adjustable femoral cortical suspension devices for ACL reconstruction under high loads and extended cyclic loading

Author	Year	Journal	Model	Fixed-loop devices	Adjustable-loop devices	Company	Sample size	Preconditioning			Cyclic loading			Pull-to-failure (mm/min)	Elongation during cyclic loading (mm)	Ultimate failure load (N)
								No. of cycles	Applied load (N)	Freq. (Hz)	No. of cycles	Applied load (N)	Freq. (Hz)		Elongation during cyclic loading (mm)	Ultimate failure load (N)
								No. of cycles	Min. Max.	Freq. (Hz)	No. of cycles	Min. Max.	Freq. (Hz)		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Current study			Device only	G-Lok		Stryker	5	10	20 - 70	1	5000	20 - 520	1	20	1.46 ± 0.25	2178 ± 118
					UltraButton	Smith & Nephew	5								2.66 ± 0.28	1903 ± 81
					RigidLoop	DePuy	5								1.51 ± 0.16	1835 ± 179
					ProCinch	Stryker	5								1.60 ± 0.09	1456 ± 137
Ahmad	2004	AJSM	Porcine construct	Endobutton		Smith & Nephew	8				1000	50 - 250	1	20 cm/min	1.75 ± 0.97	864 ± 164
Barrow	2014	AJSM		Endobutton		Smith & Nephew	6	10	10 - 50	1	4500	10 - 250	1	20	1.34 ± 0.03	1529 ± 26
					ToggleLoc	Biomet	6								5.76 ± 0.35	1652 ± 45
					Tightrope	Arthrex	6								42.45 ± 7.01	809 ± 53
Chang	2018	Arthroscopy	Device only	Endobutton		Smith & Nephew	6	10	10 - 75	0.1	4500	100 - 400	0.5	50	0.74	1410
					Tightrope	Arthrex	6								1.91	925
			Porcine construct	Endobutton		Smith & Nephew	6	10	10 - 75	0.1	4500	100 - 400	0.5	50	14.88	843
					Tightrope	Arthrex	6								15.65	888
Conner	2010	Arthroscopy	Porcine construct	Endobutton		Smith & Nephew	8				2000	50 - 450	1	30 mm/s	3.55 ± 0.57	1191 ± 150
					ToggleLoc	Biomet	8								Data not given.
					EZLoc	Biomet	8								5.46 ± 0.95	913 ± 82
Johnson	2015	AJSM		Endobutton		Smith & Nephew	8	10	10 - 75	0.1	1000	100 - 400	0.5	50	1.05 ± 0.05	1530 ± 180
				XO Button		ConMed Linvatec	8								1.65 ± 0.43	2218 ± 114
				Rigidloop		DePuy	8								1.09 ± 0.16	1976 ± 229
					Tightrope	Arthrex	8								2.2 ± 0.62	784 ± 45
					ToggleLoc	Biomet	8								3.69 ± 2.39	1995 ± 217
Noonan	2016	Arthroscopy	Device only	Endobutton		Smith & Nephew	5	25	50 - 250		4500	50 - 250			0.52 ± 0.08	1384 ± 71
					Tightrope	Arthrex	5								0.96 ± 0.07	886 ± 39
			Porcine construct	Endobutton		Smith & Nephew	5	25	50 - 250		1000	50 - 250			3 ± 0.30	866 ± 102
					Tightrope	Arthrex	5								2.7 ± 0.50	786 ± 166
Petre	2013	AJSM	Device only	Endobutton		Smith & Nephew	5	10	10 - 50	0.1	1000	50 - 250	0.5	50	0.11 ± 0.03	1456 ± 130
				XO Button		ConMed Linvatec	5								0.35 ± 0.06	2230 ± 252
					Tightrope	Arthrex	5								0.3 ± 0.04	841 ± 55
					ToggleLoc	Biomet	5								0.82 ± 0.18	1561 ± 112
			Porcine construct	Endobutton		Smith & Nephew	10	10	10 - 50	0.1	1000	50 - 250	0.5	50	1.88 ± 0.25	1456 ± 101
				XO Button		ConMed Linvatec	10								1.82 ± 0.23	1748 ± 140
					Tightrope	Arthrex	10								2.74 ± 0.39	859 ± 43
					ToggleLoc	Biomet	10								3.34 ± 1.28	1334 ± 81
Rylander	2014	Clinical Biomechanics	Porcine construct	G-Lok		Stryker	10				1000	50 - 250	1	20		614 ± 176
				Endobutton		Smith & Nephew	10									717 ± 128
					ToggleLoc	Biomet	10									560 ± 101
					RetroButton	Arthrex	10									526 ± 160

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