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Table 2 Precision by technique for hip range of motion (proportions of measurement errors within 10° of motion capture analysis)

From: Is digital photography an accurate and precise method for measuring range of motion of the hip and knee?

 

Visual estimation

Goniometry

Digital photography

Hip Flexion

91%

96%

96%

Hip Abduction

83%

88%

93%

Hip Internal Rotation

76%

75%

85%

Hip External Rotation

58%

53%

61%

  1. Precision of measurements or the proportion of measurement errors that were within 10°, defined as the minimally clinically significant difference by the authors, of the reference standard (motion capture analysis) for all four hip motions