Study | Task | EMG variable | Muscles | EMG outcome of interest for ACLR vs. intact/control leg | ES | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Markström et al., 2022 [69] | Single-leg side-hop | Normalized peak EMG amplitude | BF, ST, VL, VM | ↑ EMG activity for BF of high-fear (post-impact) | 1.20(0.61;1.76) (control), 1.42(0.68;2.10) (low-fear) | |
He et al., 2022 [41] | Single-leg forward hop | Normalized (%MVC) EMG amplitude | BF, SM, VL, VM | Delayed EMG activity for VM (onset) | 0.59(0.06;1.09) (control) | |
Alanazi et al., 2021 [4] | Double-leg forward jump before and after a Wingate test | Normalized mean EMG amplitude | RF, VL, VM, BF, ST, GM | No diff in EMG activity | n/a | |
Behnke et al., 2021 [7] | Single-leg forward hop | Normalized EMG amplitude | RF, VM, BF, ST, GM, GL | Shorter EMG activity onset for BF | 0.87(-0.14;1.79) | |
Rocchi et al., 2020 [96] | Single-leg forward jump | Normalized (%MVC) EMG amplitude | RF, VL, VM, BF, ST | ↑ EMG activity duration (pre-impact) | 1.59(0.73;2.36) (quadriceps), 1.49(0.64;2.25) (hamstrings) | |
Alanazi et al., 2020 [3] | Planned and unplanned double-leg forward jump | Normalized mean EMG amplitude | RF, VL, VM, BF, ST, GM | ↓ EMG activity for GM (post-impact) | 0.78(0.08;1.44) (planned), 0.95(0.24;1.61) (unplanned) | |
Burland et al., 2020 [21] | Single-leg forward hop | Normalized peak EMG amplitude | VL | ↓ EMG activity for VL | 0.90(0.06;1.70) (control) | |
Smeets et al., 2020 [101] | Single-leg forward hop, single-leg side-hop, single-leg vertical hop with 90° rotation | Normalized (%MVC) EMG amplitude | VL, VM, BF, ST, GM, GL, GMED | No diff in EMG activity | n/a | |
Dashti Rostami et al., 2020 [27] | Single-leg drop jump | Normalized (%MVC) EMG amplitude | VL, VM, BF, ST, GM, GL | No comparative leg | n/a | |
Dashti Rostami et al., 2019 [28] | Single-leg drop jump | Normalized (%MVC) EMG amplitude | GMED, AL | ↓ EMG activity for GMED (post-impact) | 0.75(-0.10;1.55) | |
Palmieri-Smith et al., 2019 [86] | Single-leg forward hop | Normalized peak EMG amplitude | VL, BF, GL | ↓ EMG activity for VL (post-impact) | 1.86(0.61;3.11) | |
Lessi et al., 2018 [62] | Single-leg drop jump before and after a fatigue protocol | Normalized mean EMG amplitude | VL, GMED, GMAX | Lack of progressive ↑ in EMG activity for VL post-fatigue (post-impact) | 0.79 | |
Jordan et al., 2017 [49] | 80 s repeated squat jumps | Normalized (%MVC) EMG amplitude | VL, VM, BF, ST | ↓ EMG activity (VL + VM) (pre-impact/post-impact) ↑ EMG activity (BF + ST) (pre-impact/post-impact) | Q pre: 2.62(1.48;3.76)-1.86(0.86;2.86), Q post: 2.17(1.12;3.23)-1.82(0.83;2.81) H pre: 2.30(1.22;3.37)-1.44(0.46;2.32) H post: 2.90(1.70;4.09)-0.93(0.05;1.81) | |
Lessi et al., 2017 [61] | Single-leg drop jump before and after a fatigue protocol | Normalized EMG amplitude | VL, BF, GMAX, GMED | No difference in EMG activity | n/a | |
Melińska et al., 2015 [72] | Double-leg drop-jump | Normalized EMG amplitude | VM, ST, GM, GL | ↑ EMG activity for GM, GL (post-impact) | n/a | |
Nyland et al., 2014 [79] | Single-leg forward hop | Normalized (%MVC) EMG amplitude | GMAX, VM, ST, GM | ↑ EMG activity for GMAX, GM for high vs. low “performance” group (pre-impact/post-impact) | GMAX: 0.69(0.05;1.33), GM: 0.64(0.01;1.28) | |
Ortiz et al., 2014 [80] | Double-leg drop jump Single-leg drop jump | Normalized EMG amplitude | RF, VL, VM, BF, ST | ↓ Quadriceps and hamstrings EMG activity (double-leg drop jump)/ ↑ EMG activity quadriceps (single-leg drop jump) | Quadriceps: 0.22, Hamstrings:0.18/ Quadriceps: 0.17 | |
Ortiz et al., 2011 [82] | Single-leg side hop | Normalized EMG amplitude | GMAX, RF, BF, ST | No diff in EMG activity | n/a | |
Nyland et al., 2010 [78] | Single-leg CMJ | Normalized (%MVC) EMG amplitude | GMAX, VM, ST, GM | ↑ EMG activity for GMAX, (pre-impact/post-impact) ↑ EMG activity for GM (male only) (post-impact) | GMAX: 0.54(0.06;1.01) (M), 0.73(0.24;1.21) (F), GM: 0.60(0.12;1.08) (M) | |
Gokeler et al., 2010 [39] | Single-leg forward hop | Non-normalized EMG | GMAX, BF, ST, RF, VL, VM, GM, GL, SO | Earlier EMG onset for GMAX, BF, RF, GM, GL, SO | VM:1.19, RF: 1.22, SM: 1.09, GMAX:1.62, MG:1.07, LG: 1.62, SO: 2.53 | |
Bryant et al., 2009 [12] | Double-leg forward hop | Non-normalized EMG | VL, VM, BF, ST | No difference in EMG activity (onset) | n/a | |
Ortiz et al., 2008 [81] | Single-leg drop jump Single-leg box jump | Normalized EMG amplitude | GMAX, BF, ST, RF | ↑ EMG activity for GMAX, RF (single-leg drop jump) | GMAX:0.29, RF:0.36 |