Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics

From: A modern multimodal pain protocol eliminates the need for opioids for most patients following total knee arthroplasty: results from a retrospective comparative cohort study

Characteristic

Automatic

(n = 72)

Upon Request

(n = 72)

P value

Sex, % (n)

0.469

 Male

33.3 (24)

27.8 (20)

 

 Female

66.7 (48)

72.2 (52)

 

Race, % (n)

0.257

 Black or African American

37.5 (27)

33.3 (24)

 

 White or Caucasian

54.2 (39)

63.9 (46)

 

 Other

8.3 (6)

2.8 (2)

 

Health Insurance, % (n)

0.004

 Private

36.1 (27)

45.8 (33)

 

 Medicare

18.0 (13)

9.7 (7)

 

 Medicaid

5.6 (4)

22.2 (16)

 

 Medicare Advantage

34.7 (25)

22.2 (16)

 

 Other

5.6 (3)

0 (0)

 

Kellgren-Lawrence grade,% (n)a

0.127

 2

0 (0)

1.4 (1)

 

 3

5.6 (4)

13.9 (10)

 

 4

94.7 (67)

84.7 (61)

 

Laterality, % (n)

0.739

 Right

45.8 (33)

48.6 (35)

 

 Left

54.2 (39)

51.4 (37)

 

 Opioid-naive, % (n)

77.8 (56)

69.4 (50)

0.257

Contralateral TKA

0.228

 None

79.2 (57)

90.3 (65)

 

 Within 6 months

6.9 (5)

2.8 (2)

 

 After 6 months

13.9 (10)

6.9 (5)

 

 Age (years), mean (SD)

69.5 (7.9)

65.2 (9.4)

0.004

 BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)

33.9 (6.4)

32.5 (6.0)

0.165

 Overall deformity (°), mean (SD)

9.0 (4.9)

8.9 (5.5)

0.921

KOOS, mean (SD)

 Pain

36.3 (20.4)

33.8 (20.1)

0.475

 Symptoms

40.6 (21.5)

37.4 (20.8)

0.364

 ADL

39.3 (22.4)

36.8 (21.4)

0.497

 QOL

19.5 (16.6)

19.5 (20.0)

0.980

PROMIS-29, mean (SD)

 Pain Interference

65.0 (9.1)

66.0 (6.9)

0.465

 Pain

7.1 (2.2)

7.5 (2.3)

0.285

  1. aData were missing for one patient who did not have a preoperative x-ray
  2. ADL Function in daily living, BMI Body mass index, KOOS Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, PROMIS Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, QOL Quality of life, SD Standard deviation