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Table 6 Stability, patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and return to sports (RTS) rates and activity

From: A systematic review of transphyseal ACL reconstruction in children and adolescents: comparing the transtibial and independent femoral tunnel drilling techniques

Nr

First author, year

Stability

PROMs

Activity, RTS rate

Mean follow up

(years)

 1.

Shelbourne, 2004

•Lachman: All knees negative

•Mean KT-1000 difference: 2.1 ± 1.2 mm (range, 0–4 mm)

•Noyes score: 97.6 ± 2.9 (range, 91–100)

IKDC subjective score: 95.4 ± 6.9

•All patients were able to return to high school competitive sports

•3.4

 2.

McIntosh, 2006

•Lachman test: 15 patients -, one patient 1 + 

•Pivot shift: 15 patients -, one patient 1 + 

•Lysholm score: 90 (range: 74 to 94)

•IKDC subjective score: 99 (range, 94 to 100)

•10 patients (63%) returned to their identical preoperative sport

•14 patients (87.5%) returned to their previous level of activity

•Tegner activity scale: 8.1 (range, 7 to 9)

•3.4(2–9.3)

3. 

Liddle, 2008

•Lachman test: negative in 16 patients and 1 + in 1 patient

•Pivot shift: negative in 16 patients and 1 + in 1 patient

•Lysholm score: 97.5 (SD 2.6)

•Tegner activity scale: 8.1 (SD 0.8)

•4.4

 4.

Cohen, 2009

•KT-1000 difference: 2.0 + -1.0 mm

•IKDC score: 91.5 ± 5.7

•Lysholm Scale: 93.5 ± 4

•NR

•4.5

 5.

Streich et al. 2010

•KT-1000 difference conservative: 4.3 ± 2.9 (SD) mm (range, 2–9 mm), side-to-side difference in

KT-1000 difference operative: 1.8 ± 1.4 (SD) mm (mean, range, -1–5 mm)

•Operative group: IKDC median 95, Lysholm 93, conservative group, median of 87 points for IKDC and 84 points for the Lysholm

•Patients with ACL reconstruction: preoperative Tegner 7 ± 1.1, postoperative 7 ± 0.9 (

•Non operative treatment: preoperative Tegner 7 ± 0.7, postoperative 6 ± 0.84

•5.8

6. 

Mauch, 2011

NR

NR

NR

5

7. 

Nikolaou, 2011

•KT-1000/2000 difference 2 mm (range 0–3.5 mm)

•Lachman test: 91patients – or + , 3 patients +  + 

•Pivot-shift test: 2 patients positive (+ +)

Lysholm score: 89 (range 77–100)

•Tegner: 7 (range 5–9) before injury, 3 (range 0–4) pre-surgery 6 (range 4–8) postoperatively

•94 patients, 73 (78%) returned to their identical preoperative sport

•3.2(2–5)

 8.

Courvoisier, 2011

•KT 1000 difference: 1 mm (SD 1.5)

NR

NR

2

 9.

Hui, 2012

•KT-1000 difference: 1.9 mm

•Lachman: – 11 patients (69%) had a negative Lachman test finding, + 4 patients

•Pivot shift: 14 -, 1 Pivot glide

•Lysholm knee score was 97 (range, 90–100)

•IKDC subjective score was 96 (range, 84–100)

•All patients had returned to strenuous activities

•2.1 (1.8–2.8)

 10.

Redler, 2012

•KT 1000 difference: 0.29 ± 1.07 mm

•Mean IKDC subjective 92.4 ± 10.0,

•Lysholm 94.4 ± 8.8

•Tegner: 8.6 ± 1.4

•3.6 (2–7.2)

 11.

Memeo 2012

•Lachman – in all patients

•Pivot shift – in all patients

•OAK Score: 87.7

•All patients have returned to their preinjury level of daily activity and athletic participation

•15

 12.

Kumar, 2013

•KT 1000 difference: 30 patients < 3mmin, 2 patients 4 to 5 mm

•Lysholm preoperatively 71.5, 86 postoperatively 95

•Tegner preoperatively 4.03, postoperatively 7.66

•6 (4–10.8)

 13.

Kohl, 2014

•KT-1000: 5.9 ± 1.2 mm

•Lysholm: 94.0 (range 68–100)

•NR

•4 (2–8)

 14.

Calvo et al. (2015)

•KT 1000 difference: 2.58 mm (range, –2.7 to 7 mm)

•Lysholm: 89, IKDC subjective: 86 [P = .626

•All patients returned to their previous sports activity

•24 patients returned to a level equal or above preinjury level, 3 patients returned to a lower level

•10.6 (10–13)

 15

Fauno, 2016

•KT-1000 difference 5.2 mm preoperatively, 1.6 mm at postoperatively

•KOOS subscore symptoms preop. 69.1 ± 14.6, postop. 76.8 ± 15.1, pain preop. 67.2 ± 19.3 postop. 85.7 ± 14.4, activities of daily living preop. 73.8 ± 23.0 postop. 91.0 ± 11.7, sports/recreation preop 8.7 ± 29.1 postop. 69.2 ± 26.8, quality of life 35.4 ± 19.6 67.9 ± 23.9

•Tegner preop. 2.8, postop. 6.1 (

•5.6. ± 2.8

16. 

Placella, 2016

•KT-1000 difference preop.5.2 (range: 3.5 to 7) mm, postop.0.8 (range: 0 to 2.5) mm

•Lysholm; 100, IKDC score 98.58 (range: 95.4 to 100

•Tegner: 9.2 before injury, 8.7 after surgery

•All patients returned to playing sports after a mean period of

•6.43 months (range: 4 to 7 months)

•8

 17.

Pennock, 2019

•NR

•Patient satisfaction 9.3 ± 1.1, SANE 91 ± 11, and Lysholm 95 ± 7,

•Tegner: 6.9 ± 1.9

•2.8

 18.

Astur, 2019

•NR

•Lysholm score without ACL rerupture 90.6 ± 6.1 v

•Lysholm score with ACL rerupture 58.8 ± 6.7

•Tegner without ACL rerupture 7.0 ± 0.8

•Tegner witht ACL rerupture 4.9 ± 1.3,

•Patients without ACL reruptures: 46.2% increased their activity,

•46.2% returned to their preinjury level of activity, and

•7.6% returned to a lower level of activity

•7.4

 19.

Gosh, 2020

•KT1000 difference (range) 2.0 (− 1 to 5)

•Median IKDC score/100 (range) 96 (82–100)

•NR

•2

 20.

Hanssen, 2022

•NR

•KOOS Symptoms 5 y 86 86 (68–93), Pain 5 y 107 94(83–100), AdL 5 y 107 99 (94–100), QoL 5 y 107 75 (50–88)

•NR

•6.9(5–9)

21.

Kilkenny, 2022

•NR

•IKDC Score 90.3 ± 7.9, 89.3 ± 7.6

•Marx Score 11.9 ± 4.6 11.3 ± 4.6

•Total rate of RTP HT 100% BTB 92.6%

•2