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Table 5 Vascularized bone 3D bioprinting: materials, cells and characterizations

From: Systematic review on the application of 3D-bioprinting technology in orthoregeneration: current achievements and open challenges

First author

Materials

Cells

Material Characterization

In vitro tests

In vivo assay

Ref #

Byambaa

GelMA, silicate nanoplatelets

Human MSCs, HUVECs

Mechanical, degradation

Viability, proliferation, vasculogenic potential, qPCR, Alizarin red, immunohistochemistry

 

[27]

Chen

PDACS polydopamine modified calcium silicate, PCL, alginate, gelatin

Wharton's Jelly-derived MSCs, HUVECs

Swelling

Mitochondrial activity assay, viability, microscopy, biochemistry

 

[33]

Cidonio

Laponite, GelMA

Human BMSCs

Rheology, degradation, swelling, mechanical, lysozyme resorption + release

Viability, proliferation, histology

Chick chorioallantoic membrane model

[35]

Daly

GelMA, pluronic F127

Rat MSCs

Mechanical

Histology, immunohistochemistry, viability, biochemistry

Femoral defects rats

[46]

Freeman

RGD alginate, methylcellulose, PCL

Pig BMSCs

Growth factor release, rheology

Biochemistry

Femoral defects rats

[64]

Kuss

PCL, hydroxyapatite, HAMA, GelMA

pig stromal vascular fraction cells

 

Viability, mineralization, qPCR

Subcutaneous in nude mice

[102]

Lee

Hyaluronic acid derivatives (acrylated HA and tyramine-conjugated HA)

Mouse fibroblast cells (L929) and Human MSCs

Rheology

Viability, qPCR

 

[106]

Leucht

GelMA, hydroxyapatite, acetylated gel, gelatin

Human adipose derived stromal cells, human dermal microvascular endothelial cells

Mechanical, swelling, sol–gel transition, gelation points

Immunofluorescence

 

[108]

Nulty

Fibrinogen, hyaluronic acid, hydroxyapatite, type A gelatin, RGD alginate, PCL

HUVECs, Human BMSCs

SEM, degradation

Viability

Femoral defects rats

[141]

Park

Type I collagen, PCL, alginate, gelatin

Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), Human MSCs

 

Viability, qPCR

Subdermal implants into balb/c mice

[148]

Piard

Fibrinogen, gelatin

HUVECs, Human MSCs

Swelling, rheology, SEM, mechanical

Viability, qPCR, DNA quantification

Subdermal in rats

[151]

Yang

Type I collagen, GelMA, fibrin

Human BMSCs, iPSCs, bone marrow MSCs

 

F-actin staining, microscopy, bead aggregation assay, qPCR, histology

 

[196]