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Table 3 Single knee ACL specimens’ overall AF and coherency changes sustained throughout the loading cycles as detected by CLEM

From: Anterior cruciate ligament microfatigue damage detected by collagen autofluorescence in situ

Specimen

AF and coherency results

Cumulative loading cycles a

ACL statusb

Cumulative AF change (%)

Avg. AF%/cycle

Cumulative coherencyc change

S1

5

Failed

19.6****

3.9

−0.18

S2

9

Failed

30.9****

3.4

−0.02

S3

50

Not failed

11.5

0.2

−0.23

S4

105

Not failed

35.8****

0.3

0.02

  1. aIncluding pre-loading cycles
  2. bDetermined by cumulative ATT threshold of 3 mm sustained by ACL at the end of fatigue loading
  3. cCoherency values range from − 1 (low) to 1 (high) to indicate degree of fiber alignment
  4. ****P < 0.0001