Study (year) | Participants | Age of Participants (yrs) | Level of Evidence |
---|---|---|---|
Bell et al. (2008) [4] | 37 healthy participants (15F, 4 M) | 20.7 ± 2.1 | Level IV |
Bittencourt et al. (2012) [6] | 254 athletes (79F, 175 M) | 16.6 ± 5.0 | Level IV |
Breen et al. (2010) [9] | 16 participants (8F, 8 M) | 21 ± 3 | Level IV |
Hogg et al. (2019) [20] | 20 healthy participants (20F) | 24.9 ± 4.1 | Level IV |
Hogg et al. (2021) [19] | 90 healthy participants (45F, 45 M) | 20.5 ± 1.9 | Level IV |
Howard et al. (2011) [21] | 45 healthy participants (30F, 15 M) | 21 ± 2 | Level IV |
Kaneko et al. (2013) [26] | 16 healthy females | 20.8 ± 1.0 | Level IV |
Mauntel et al. (2013) [35] | 20 healthy females and 20 males | 20.2 ± 1.7 | Level IV |
Nguyen et al. (2015) [40] | 141 active adults (91F, 50 M) | 21.7 ± 2.7 | Level IV |
Nguyen et al. (2011) [38] | 60 healthy adults (30F, 30 M) | 23.1 ± 3.1 | Level IV |
Rabin & Kozol (2010) [44] | 29 healthy females | 24.3 ± 3.2 | Level IV |
Stiffler et al. (2015) [47] | 27 active subjects with medial knee displacement (21F, 6 M), 70 controls (48F, 22 M) | 20.2 ± 1.4 and 20.3 ± 1.5, respectively | Level IV |