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Table 3 Characteristics of included biomechanical studies

From: Examining the effects of femoral anteversion and passive hip rotation on ACL injury and knee biomechanics: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study (year)

Participants

Age of Participants (yrs)

Level of Evidence

Bell et al. (2008) [4]

37 healthy participants (15F, 4 M)

20.7 ± 2.1

Level IV

Bittencourt et al. (2012) [6]

254 athletes (79F, 175 M)

16.6 ± 5.0

Level IV

Breen et al. (2010) [9]

16 participants (8F, 8 M)

21 ± 3

Level IV

Hogg et al. (2019) [20]

20 healthy participants (20F)

24.9 ± 4.1

Level IV

Hogg et al. (2021) [19]

90 healthy participants (45F, 45 M)

20.5 ± 1.9

Level IV

Howard et al. (2011) [21]

45 healthy participants (30F, 15 M)

21 ± 2

Level IV

Kaneko et al. (2013) [26]

16 healthy females

20.8 ± 1.0

Level IV

Mauntel et al. (2013) [35]

20 healthy females and 20 males

20.2 ± 1.7

Level IV

Nguyen et al. (2015) [40]

141 active adults (91F, 50 M)

21.7 ± 2.7

Level IV

Nguyen et al. (2011) [38]

60 healthy adults (30F, 30 M)

23.1 ± 3.1

Level IV

Rabin & Kozol (2010) [44]

29 healthy females

24.3 ± 3.2

Level IV

Stiffler et al. (2015) [47]

27 active subjects with medial knee displacement (21F, 6 M), 70 controls (48F, 22 M)

20.2 ± 1.4 and 20.3 ± 1.5, respectively

Level IV

  1. Note: M male; F female