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Table 4 Mid-term pain outcomes in studies included in review on mid-term and long-term effects of tourniquet use

From: The mid-term and long-term effects of tourniquet use in total knee arthroplasty: systematic review

Study Details

Outcome measurement tool

Mid-term outcomes

Time point (month)

Score

p value

Time point (month)

Score

p value

Group Aa

Group Bb

Group Cc

Group Aa

Group Bb

Ejaz, et al (2014) [12]

KOOS-Pain

6

88.66

89.07

 

n.s.

12

91.09

92.31

n.s.

Hasanain, et al (2018) [15]

VAS

3

1.96

1.77

 

n.s.

    

Huang, et al (2017) [19]

VAS ± SD

3

0.64 ± 0.63

0.48 ± 0.50

0.52 ± 0.54

n.s.

    

6

0.40 ± 0.73

0.32 ± 0.47

0.36 ± 0.48

n.s.

    

Jawhar, et al (2019) [20]

WOMAC Pain ± SD

6

10 ± 7.04

13 ± 8.97

 

n.s.

    

OKS ± SD

6

25 ± 7.99

27 ± 8.92

 

n.s.

    

NAS-Pain ± SD

6

0.9 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.3

 

n.s.

    

Touzopoulos, et al (2019) [48]

NKSS-symptoms ± SD

     

36

19.43 ± 1.74

19 ± 2.12

n.s.

Zhou, et al (2017) [55]

HSS ± SD

3

82.5 ± 4.5

81.6 ± 4.4

 

n.s.

    

6

89.8 ± 4.9

90.7 ± 4.5

 

n.s.

   

VAS (Thigh Pain) ± SD

3

0.16 ± 0.65

0.16 ± 0.65

     

6

0.14 ± 0.62

0.14 ± 0.62

     

Alexandersson, et al (2018) [6]

VAS

3

2.9

4.7

 

< 0.05

    

Dennis, et al (2015) [10]

NRPS ± SD

3

2.56 ± 2.14

2.32 ± 2.07

 

n.c.

    

Rathod, et al (2014) [40]

VAS ± SD

3

2.7 ± 1.9

2.8 ± 1.8

 

n.s.

12

0.8 ± 1.4

1.1 ± 1.2

n.s.

KSSC ± SD

3

73.5 ± 11.9

71.4 ± 15.2

 

n.s.

12

87.9 ± 7.5

86.8 ± 9.1

n.s.

SF-36 PCS ± SD

3

40.72 ± 7.75

42.79 ± 8.31

 

n.s.

12

49.58 ± 7.34

49.55 ± 8.28

n.s.

Ayik, et al (2020) [7]

VAS ± SD

3

3 ± 1.3

3 ± 1.28

 

n.s.

    

Chaudhry, et al (2020) [9]

NPRS ± SD

6

2.66 ± 018

2.60 ± 0.21

 

n.s.

    

VAS satisfaction ± SD

6

73.05 ± 11.84

70.23 ± 16.85

n.s.

  1. KOOS Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, VAS Visual Analog Scale, SD Standard Deviation, WOMAC Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, OKS Oxford Knee Score, NAS Numeric Analog Scale, NKSS New Knee Society Score, HSS Hospital for Special Surgery knee score, NRPS Numeric Pain Rating Scale, KSSC Knee Society Score Clinical, SF-36 Short Form 36, PCS Physical Component Score, n.s. non-significant, n.c. not calculated
  2. atourniquet use/ long duration tourniquet use
  3. btourniquet use/ short duration use
  4. ctourniquet use with tranexamic acid