Table 2 Mid-term and late implant loosening in studies included in review on mid-term and long-term effects of tourniquet use

Ejaz, et al (2014) [12]

Revision rate

12

1/33

0/31

n.r.

Liu, et al (2014) [28]

Tib. penet. (AP) (cm)

12

zone 1;

zone 2;

zone 3;

zone 4;

zone 5;

zone 6;

zone 7;

zone 8;

zone 9

0.17 ± 0.16; 0.29 ± 0.19; 0.32 ± 0.20; 0.21 ± 0.14; 0.28 ± 0.47; 0.97 ± 1.16; 0.30 ± 0.51; 0.29 ± 0.48; 0.29 ± 0.56

0.18 ± 0.09; 0.28 ± 0.36; 0.28 ± 0.27; 0.20 ± 0.30; 0.17 ± 0.31; 0.77 ± 1.34; 0.11 ± 0.18; 0.18 ± 0.41; 0.14 ± 0.36

n.s.

Tib. penet. (ML) (cm)

12

zone 1;

zone 2;

zone 3;

zone 4;

zone 5

0.21 ± 0.19; 0.20 ± 0.15;

0.73 ± 1.11;

0.24 ± 0.45;

0.33 ± 0.59

0.21 ± 0.19; 0.20 ± 0.18;

0.77 ± 1.40;

0.24 ± 0.46;

0.29 ± 0.62

n.s.

Fem. penet. (cm)

12

zone 1;

zone 2;

zone 3;

zone 4;

zone 5;

zone 6;

zone 7

0.12 ± 0.18; 0.22 ± 0.13;

0.14 ± 0.18;

0.05 ± 0.17;

0.22 ± 0.13;

0.10 ± 0.22;

0.15 ± 0.09

0.10 ± 0.2; 0.25 ± 0.24;

0.10 ± 0.14;

0.02 ± 0.06;

0.23 ± 0.15;

0.09 ± 0.23;

0.17 ± 0.07

n.s.

Jawhar, et al (2019) [20]

Revision rate

6

3/50

2/49

n.r.

Touzopoulos, et al (2019) [48]

RL KSRES

36

AP zone 1; zone 2;

zone 3;

zone 4;

zone 5;

zone 6;

zone 7

1.36 ± 1.91; 1.01 ± 2.31;

1.20 ± 1.02;

1.14 ± 2.32;

0.06 ± 0.45;

0.0 ± 0.0;

0.0 ± 0.0

2.72 ± 2.88; 1.32 ± 2.09;

1.56 ± 2.83;

2.67 ± 3.27;

0.0 ± 0.0;

0.0 ± 0.0;

0.0 ± 0.0

0.007 n.s.

n.s.

0.008

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

Lat. zone 1; zone 2;

zone 3

0.68 ± 1.7; 1.19 ± 2.58;

0.0 ± 0.0

1.43 ± 2.12; 1.87 ± 4.05;

0.05 ± 0.38

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

Cum. AP

3.48 ± 4.69

7.74 ± 6.68

< 0.001

Cum. Lat.

1.76 ± 3.42

3.05 ± 4.23

n.s.

RL AP (%)

0.05 ± 0.07

0.11 ± 0.09

< 0.001

RL Lat.(%)

0.04 ± 0.07

0.07 ± 0.09

n.s.

Revision rate

0//50

0/50

n.s.

Molt, et al (2014) [35]

Tib. Trans. (mm ± SD)

3

24

M-L

−0.10 ± 0.38

− 0.02 ± 0.21

n.s.

− 0.27 ± 0.71

− 0.13 ± 0.28

n.s.

C–Cl

0.00 ± 0.17

0.03 ± 0.28

n.s.

0.06 ± 0.34

0.05 ± 0.34

n.s.

PA

0.02 ± 0.15

0.04 ± 0.19

n.s.

−0.05 ± 0.50

0.05 ± 0.19

n.s.

Tib. Rot.

(° ± SD)

3

24

Ant. Tilt

−0.02 ± 0.17

− 0.01 ± 0.16

n.s.

− 0.09 ± 0.28

−0.04 ± 0.23

n.s.

Int. Rot.

−0.01 ± 0.17

−0.04 ± 0.13

n.s.

−0.05 ± 0.35

0.01 ± 0.13

n.s.

Varus

0.01 ± 0.21

0.01 ± 0.20

n.s.

0.06 ± 0.48

−0.01 ± 0.29

n.s.

MTPM

(mm ± SD)

0.37 ± 0.20

0.41 ± 0.18

n.s.

0.71 ± 0.64

0.53 ± 0.21

n.s.

Max MTPM (mm)

3

1.00

0.80

n.r.

24

2.84

1.19

n.r.

Ejaz, et al (2015) [11]

Tib.trans

(mm ± SD)

6

24

X trans.;

Y trans.;

Z trans.

0.02 ± 0.33; −0.04 ± 0.15;

0.05 ± 0.12

− 0.01 ± 0.22; − 0.02 ± 0.13;

0.03 ± 0.32

n.s.

0.03 ± 0.28; − 0.03 ± 0.18;

− 0.02 ± 0.22

−0.04 ± .31; − 0.02 ± 0.27;

0.02 ± 0.28

n.s.

Tib. Rot.

(° ± SD)

6

24

X rot.;

Y rot.;

Z rot.

0.02 ± 0.35; − 0.05 ± 0.95;

0.07 ± 0.30

−0.04 ± 0.50; 0.11 ± 0.83

0.03 ± 0.62

n.s.

−0.03 ± 0.47; − 0.12 ± 0.88;

0.04 ± 0.41

− 0.03 ± 0.31; − 0.08 ± 0.93;

− 0.05 ± 0.58

n.s.

Mean MTPM

(mm ± SD)

6

0.55 ± 0.42

0.51 ± 0.34

n.s.

24

0.47 ± 0.16

0.45 ± 0.21

n.s.

24

MTPM (med., min-max) (mm)

6

0.42,

0.23–1.01

0.42, 0.09–1

n.r.

24

0.47,

0.12–0.82

0.41,

0.09–0.98

n.r.

24

MTPM (LQ-UQ) (mm)

6

0.3–0.63

0.33–0.6

n.r.

24

0.38–0.56

0.31–0.58

n.r.

24

Hedge, et al (2021) [17]

RL KSRES;

60

zone 1 (AP);

zone 2 (AP);

zone3M (AP);

zone 3 L (AP);

zone 5 (AP)

0.33 ± 1.56

0.19 ± 1.09

0 ± 0

0 ± 0

0 ± 0

1.53 ± 3.29

0.50 ± 1.70

1 ± 6

1 ± 6

0 ± 1

0.006

NI

n.s.

n.s.

n.s.

RL KSRES;

60

zone 1 (Lat);

zone 2 (Lat);

zone3A (Lat);

zone 3P (Lat);

Zone 5 (Lat);

Cumulative

0.28 ± 1.08;

0 ± 0;

0 ± 0;

0 ± 0;

0 ± 0;

0.79 ± 2.28

0.85 ± 2.78;

0.50 ± 3.31;

0.53 ± 4.12;

0 ± 0;

0 ± 0;

5.58 ± 21.78

n.s.;

n.s.;

n.s.;

n.s.;

n.s.;

0.04

Revision rate

60

0/61

2/61

n.r.