Table 1 MCFT Program for the 8 weeks and progression of the complexity of secondary tasks [4, 33]

Type of physical activity

Strength Static balance + dual-task + corrective posture^a

Strength + Dynamic balance + dual-task + corrective posture^a

1-Warm-up 5 min

Range of motion for different joints

2-Strength lower extremity: Chair squat and stand, Leg flexion, Leg extension, Leg abduction, Hip extension, Standing on the tips of toes and heels

4–5 ex: 2 sets, 8 rep

4–5 ex:1–2 sets, 12 rep

3-Balance: Feet-together stance, legged stand, Semi-tandem/Tandem balance, Circuit training, Gait training-stairs & obstacle function

2–3 ex, progressive difficulty in sitting position and progressing to standing position

4–5 ex, progressive difficulty in standing position with decreasing arm support and increasing instability with foam mat

4- Dual-task (cognitive function): One type of cognitive exercise in each session) Naming colors/days of the week/names, Counting by twos starting 0 till a number ≤ 30, Counting backward by ones(

In 2–3 of strength ex and 1–2 of balance ex

In 1–2 of strength ex and 3–4 of balance ex

5-Cool down 5 min

Stretching, breathing exercises