Fig. 1From: Achieving coronal plane alignment in total knee arthroplasty through modified preoperative planning based on long-leg radiographs: a prospective studya Preoperative standing LLR denoting the centre of femoral head (point A), centre of the distal femoral articular surface (point B), femoral mechanical axis (Line AB), centre of the proximal tibia/centre of tibial spine (point C), centre of the distal tibial articular surface, coinciding with midtalar groove (point D), HKA angle i.e. angle between line AB and CD is 168° or 12° varus. b Postoperative standing LLR denoting HKA angle, (angle between line AB and EF) 180°, mLDFA, angle ABC, 90° and MPTA, angle FEH, 90°Back to article page