Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria of included studies, with extended criteria for LA and description of accepted graft failure

Castoldi et al. [1]

1. Complete isolated primary ACL rupture with a plan for arthroscopic ACLR, confirmed preoperatively by magnetic resonance imaging

NR

1. History of ACL repair or reconstruction

2. Associated tears of the posterior cruciate ligament

3. Injuries of the collateral ligaments requiring surgical treatment

Graft failure was defined by the presence of at least 1 of the following criteria:

 (1) Subsequent revision ACLR

 (2) Recurrent instability (> 1 episode)

 (3) A difference in anterior knee laxity (TELOS) > 10 mm

 (4) A soft endpoint in the Lachman test

 (5) A 3 + pivot-shift test (gross pivot shift) on physical examination

Ibrahim et al. [26]

Diagnosis of an unilatera ACL tear, confirmed by physical examination and magnetic imaging

Performed if one of following criteria were present:

 (1) Grade 2 pivot shift

 (2) High level of sporting activity

 (3) Participation in pivoting sports

 (4) Chronic ACL injury

 (5) Segond fracture

1. Revision ACL reconstruction

2. Multiligament knee injuries

NR

Hamido et al. [18]

1. Combined ACL rand ALL tears diagnose with MRI

2. Rupture high-grade pivot shift (III)

3. Segond fracture

4. A high level of sports activity

5. Participating in sports involving frequent pivoting

NR

1. History of knee surgery

2. History of knee dislocation

3. Preoperative signs of osteoarthritis

4. ACL revision surgery

5. Multiligamentous knee injury

Graft rupture

Sonnery-Cottet et al. [55]

1. All young patients (aged 16–30 years)

2. Participating in pivoting sports before injury

3. Decision to use a particular type of graft was based on patient factors/choice and the senior surgeon evolving indications for concomitant ALL reconstruction

1. Decision to use ALL reconstruction is based upon the senior surgeon evolving indications for concomitant ALL reconstruction

1. Collateral ligament injuries

2. Multiligament injuries

3. Undergoing other major concomitant procedures

Graft rupture

Goncharov et al. [15]

1. Workouts at least three times a week

2. Participation in competitions

3. Professional sports activities

4. Age from 16 to 40 years old

5. No previous surgical treatment of the study knee joint

6. Consent to MRI of the knee joint before the surgical treatment

7. No neurological and psychological disorders.

8. Consent to filling in the patient-reported outcomes and participation in the study

NR

NR

NR

Helito et al. [21]

1. More than 12 months since the injury, ACL lesion confirmed by clinical and imaging examinations

2. No peripheral ligament injuries apart from the anterolateral corner

NR

1. Procedures for axis correction

2. Treatment of chondral injuries

3. Meniscal repair or larger meniscectomies with resection of more than 50% of the meniscus width

Graft rupture, based on clinical instability and radiological criteria showing a new discontinuity of the graft

Helito et al. [22]

1. ACL injuries

2. Hyperlaxity patients based on the modified Beighton scale with evaluation of the contralateral limb to exclude any possible effects of trauma in the injured limb

NR

1. Collateral ligament injuries

2. Patients who had undergone previous surgery on the affected knee

3. Cases requiring axis correction by osteotomy

4. Patients with associated meniscal or chondral injuries requiring surgical treatment, except small meniscectomies (less than 50% of the meniscus width)

New ruptures defined on clinical ACL failure criteria:)

1. (physical examination showing laxity with no clear end point for Lachman and Anterior drawer tests (at least 2 + /3 +))

2. (pivot-shift positivity (at least 2 + /3 +) associated with instability complaints)

3. (imaging showed a new graft rupture)

Rowan et al. [50]

1. ACL rupture

2. Radiological evidence of ACL rupture

Institutional indication for supplementary lateral extra-articular tenodesis is one major criterion or ≥ 2 minor criteria

1. Major:

 —High-grade pivot shift

 —Revision ACL reconstruction

2. Minor:

 —Hyperlaxity—Age < 20 years

 —Failed contralateral ACL reconstruction

 —Elite athlete

1. Concomitant repair or reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament

2. Collateral ligament

3. Corner injuries

4. Undergoing revision ACL surgery

Re-injury of the reconstructed ACL

Porter et al. [45]

1. ACL rupture (diagnosed on MRI and at arthroscopic surgery)

2. Skeletally mature

3. Noncontact ACL injury

4. Involved in twisting/pivoting sports

5. ACL reconstruction performed within 6 weeks of injury

6. Pivot shift of at least 1 grade higher than contralateral knee after ACL reconstruction

NR

1. Other ligament injury greater than grade 1 or reparable meniscal tear

2. Previous ACL injury in either knee

3. Unwilling to be randomized to either treatment group

4. More than 6 weeks after ACL injury

5. Not fit for general anesthesia

6. Rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue disease, or autoimmune disease

NR

Getgood et al. [14]

1. 14 and 25 years old

2. An ACL-deficient knee

3. Higher risk of reinjury based on the presence of 2 or more of the following factors:

 (1) Participation in competitive pivoting sports

 (2) Presence of a grade 2 pivot shift or greater

 (3) Generalized ligamentous laxity (Beighton score of 4 or greater)

 (4) Genu recurvatum greater than 10°

NR

1. Previous ACLR on either knee

2. Multiligament injury (> = 2 ligaments requiring surgical attention)

3. A symptomatic articular cartilage defect requiring treatment other than debridement

4. Greater than 3° of asymmetric varus

5. Unable or unwilling to be followed up for 2 years postoperatively

6. Skeletally immature

ACLR clinical failure with rotatory laxity defined as 1 or more following:

 (1) Persistent (detected at ≥ 2 visits) mild asymmetric pivot shift (grade 1)

 (2) A moderate or severe (grade 2 or 3) asymmetric pivot shift at any follow-up visit

 (3) A graft rupture, defined as a tear of the graft confirmed by either magnetic resonance imaging or arthroscopic examination

Vadalà et al. [58]

1. Presence of a moderate to severe rotatory instability as revealed by a pivot-shift test graded as + 2 or + 3

2. Minimum interval of two months between trauma and surgery and

3. Age less than 40 years old

1. Previous surgical procedures on the same or on the contralateral knee

2. Concomitant injury of the internal or the external collateral ligament

3. Concomitant systemic diseases

4. Pre-operative radiological signs of knee arthritis and imaging evidence of ICRS grades III or IV chondral damage on both patellar surface or medial and lateral femoral condyles

NR

NR