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Table 1 Characteristics of Included Studies

From: A narrative review of the last decade’s literature on the diagnostic accuracy of septic arthritis of the native joint

Author

Test Evaluated

Subjects (N, Gender, Mean age)

Reference Standard

Berthoud (2020) [3]

Lactate, Glucose, Lactate/Glucose Ratio

233

151 males

mean age 61.2

Newman’s Criteria

and

1) pathogen isolated from synovial fluid

2) pathogen isolated from blood culture with typical clinical presentation for arthritis

or

3) arthrocentesis revealed purulent synovial fluid in combination with presence of typical clinical presentation for septic arthritis, absence of crystals, and absence of other suitable diagnosis

Sigmund (2019) [26]

mPCR, synovial culture

72

39 males

mean age 64

1) Newman’s Criteria

or

2) Pathologic features of septic arthrtitis and leukocyte count > 50,000 or PMNs > 90% in synovial fluid

Chouk (2019) [5]

WBC, CRP, Procalcitonin

98

51 males

mean age 65.2

Newman’s Criteria

Shu (2019) [25]

Synovial lactate

39

28 males

mean age 51

1) Positive synovial fluid culture

or

2) Septic arthritis diagnosed by institution orthopedists with surgical intervention and IV antibiotics given during hospital stay

Baillet (2019) [1]

Calprotectin

74

38 males

mean age 70.4

Bacteria in synovial culture or blood culture without crystals present

Morgenstern (2018) [15]

SF leuk w/ diff, PCR, and microcalorimetry

57

31 males

mean age 62

Positive synovial fluid culture

or

1) local clinical signs and symptoms,

2) increased SF leukocyte count and

3) exclusion of noninfectious causes

Pavic (2018) [20]

Highest recorded temp w/I 24 h, hemoglobin, WBC, platelet, CRP, ESR, Urate, Syn total leuk, Syn total eryth, syn tot polymorphos, syn tot mononucs, gender, symptom duratioin, features of sepsis, presence of sweats, presence of chills/rigors, joint swelliing, joint erythema, joint warmth, joint tenderness to palpatoin, joint ROM restriction

165

119 males

mean age 59.35

Positive synovial fluid culture

Ferreyra (2017) [6]

ALC, ANC, neutrophil differential, crystals

208

125 males

mean age 59.6

Pyogenic organism in joint fluid or blood samples

Borzio (2016) [4]

ESR, serum WBC, syn WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, temp

458 (gender, age not given)

Positive synovial fluid culture

Paosong (2015) [18]

Procalcitonin

75 no gender, age given

Newman’s Criteria

Lenski (2014)1 [9]

IL6, Synovial Lactate

119

54 males

mean age 69.9

Positive synovial fluid culture

Omar (2014) [17]

Leukocyte Esterase and Glucose Strips

146

64 males

mean age 59

1) A pathogen was isolated from the synovial fluid

2) A pathogen was isolated from a source other than synovial fluid and the clinical presentation was typical of septic arthritis

or

3) The synovial fluid was turbid, and crystals were absent.

Baran (2014) [2]

WBC, %PMNs

96

59 males

mean age 47

Positive synovial fluid culture

Lenski (2014)2 [9]

Serum markers (WBC, CRP, UA), synovial markers (lactate, glucose, UA, LDH, WBC, tot prot, IL 6)

82

47 males

mean age 72.4

Positive synovial fluid culture

Talebi-Taher (2013) [28]

serum/synovial procal, serum IL-6, TNF-a, CRP, ESR, synovial WBC and PMN %

75,

41 males

mean age 52.2

1) Purulent material in the joint space with isolation of a bacterial pathogen from the joint fluid

or

2) Positive gram stain