Fig. 2

Titanium (Ti) wear particles inhibited cell viability of MLO-Y4 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MLO-Y4 cells were treated with various concentrations of Ti particles for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h, and cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. Data are expressed as cell viability of control group (mean ± SD). The viability of cells exposed to 0.1 mg/mL Ti particles was significantly lower than that of the control, and inhibitory effects increased as the Ti particle concentration increased (* p < 0.05). Following treatment with the same concentration of particles, cell viability was lower at 72 h than at 24 h or 48 h