Fig. 3

The effects of TD198946 and combination of TD198946 and BMP-2on engineered cartilage generation. a Macroscopic views of engineered cartilages treated with vehicle or 10 nM TD198946 at day 14. Engineered cartilages treated with 100 ng/mL BMP-2 alone and combination of 10 nM TD198946 and 100 ng/mL BMP-2 at day 14 and 28. b Wet weight of engineered cartilages treated with vehicle, 10 nM TD198946, 100 ng/mL BMP-2 alone and combination of 10 nM TD198946 and 100 ng/mL BMP-2 at day 14. (n = 5). Mean ± SD, *: p < 0.05. The wet weights of engineered cartilages treated with 100 ng/mL BMP-2 alone and combination of 10 nM TD198946 and 100 ng/mL BMP-2 at day 28. (n = 6). c Quantitative area measurement of type I and II collagen. (n = 3) Mean ± SD, *: p < 0.05. d Quantitative area measurement of type I collagen and type II collagen. (n = 3) Mean ± SD, *: p < 0.05 e Histological images for Safranin-O, IHC for type I and II collagen (Low and high magnification views) of engineered cartilage at day 14. Left side panels: treated with vehicle. Right side panels: treated with 10 nM TD198946. Scale bars = 2 mm (Low magnification: upper panels) and 100 μm (High magnification: below Low magnification). Upper images: high magnification view of central zone. Lower images: high magnification view of surface zone of engineered cartilage. High magnification panels are magnified images of the specific zone represented by the square on the low magnification view