Fig. 2

The effects of combination of TD198946 and BMP-2 on chondrogenic pellet culture. a Macroscopic views of pellets treated with 50 ng/mL BMP-2 alone (Left panels) and combination of 10 nM TD198946 and 50 ng/mL BMP-2 (Right panels) at day 14. Scale bars = 1 mm. Histological images for Safranin-O, IHC for type I and II collagen at day 14. Scale bars = 500 μm (Low magnification: upper panels) and 100 μm (High magnification: left and right panels). Left: high magnification view of central zone of pellet. Right: high magnification view of surface zone of pellet. High magnification panels are magnified images of the specific zone represented by the square on the low magnification view. b Quantitative area measurement of type I collagen and type II collagen. (n = 3) Mean ± SD, *: p < 0.05. c Measurement of pellet size (mm2). (n = 5). Mean ± SD, *: p < 0.05 (D): sGAG content of cultured pellets at day 14. (Vehicle + 50 ng/mL BMP-2, 10 nM TD + 50 ng/mL BMP-2) (n = 5). Mean ± SD, *: p < 0.05 e Gene expression analysis of cultured pellets at day 7 (n = 5) and chondrocyte at P0 (n = 5). Mean ± SD, *: p < 0.05. Abbreviations: IHC, Immunohistochemistry