Fig. 2From: Medial collateral ligament laxity in valgus knee deformity before and after medial closing wedge high tibial osteotomy measured with instrumented laxity measurements and patient reported outcomeValgus and varus laxity stress radiographs with joint space opening. Subscript: Pre-operative stress radiographs of the knee in 30° and 70° of knee flexion in an anaesthetized patient. The upper two figures show radiographs in 30° of flexion with varus (left) and valgus (right) stress. The lower two figures show radiographs in 70° of flexion in varus (left) and valgus (right) stress. The angle between a tangent line on the femur condyles and a line through the deepest tibial joint surfaces was determined and compared to the natural (unstressed) knee joint line congruence angleBack to article page