From: Accuracy and reliability of knee goniometry methods
User comparison
Standard deviation
p
1.96 x SD
Visual Estimation
8.94
0.996
14.31
Short arm goniometer
8.89
0.999
14.23
Long arm goniometer
4.91
0.973
9.62
Smartphone app
5.98
0.966
11.72
Halo Digital Goniometer
2.97
0.983
5.83