From: A biomechanical comparison of all-inside cruciate ligament graft preparation techniques
Biomechanical property | Graft type | Quad-A | Quad-B | Tripled | Folded | Two-Doubled |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyclic displacement | Quad-A | 0.915 | 0.979 | 0.334 | < 0.001 | |
Quad-B | 0.915 | 0.999 | 0.830 | < 0.001 | ||
Tripled | 0.979 | 0.999 | 0.677 | < 0.001 | ||
Folded | 0.334 | 0.830 | 0.677 | < 0.001 | ||
Two-Doubled | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Cyclic stiffness | Quad-A | 0.290 | 0.190 | 0.074 | 0.058 | |
Quad-B | 0.290 | 0.999 | 0.958 | 0.931 | ||
Tripled | 0.190 | 0.999 | 0.991 | 0.981 | ||
Folded | 0.074 | 0.958 | 0.991 | > 0.999 | ||
Two-Doubled | 0.058 | 0.931 | 0.981 | > 0.999 | ||
Pullout stiffness | Quad-A | 0.443 | 0.059 | 0.087 | 0.084 | |
Quad-B | 0.443 | 0.752 | 0.853 | 0.847 | ||
Tripled | 0.059 | 0.752 | > 0.999 | > 0.999 | ||
Folded | 0.087 | 0.853 | > 0.999 | > 0.999 | ||
Two-Doubled | 0.084 | 0.847 | > 0.999 | > 0.999 | ||
Ultimate failure load | Quad-A | 0.672 | 0.046 | 0.089 | 0.078 | |
Quad-B | 0.672 | 0.470 | 0.673 | 0.630 | ||
Tripled | 0.046 | 0.470 | 0.996 | 0.998 | ||
Folded | 0.089 | 0.673 | 0.996 | > 0.999 | ||
Two-Doubled | 0.084 | 0.630 | 0.998 | > 0.999 | ||
Ultimate failure displacement | Quad-A | 0.778 | 0.010 | 0.053 | 0.788 | |
Quad-B | 0.778 | 0.123 | 0.419 | > 0.999 | ||
Tripled | 0.010 | 0.123 | 0.910 | 0.120 | ||
Folded | 0.053 | 0.419 | 0.910 | 0.410 | ||
Two-Doubled | 0.788 | > 0.999 | 0.120 | 0.140 |