Table 2 Examples of commercial products for cartilage repair

Bioseed-C

BioTissue Technologies (Freiburg, Germany)

Polylactin/polydiaxanon/fibrin + autologous chondrocytes

(Zeifang et al. 2010; Ossendorf et al. 2007; Kreuz et al. 2011)

Chondrosphere (ACT3D-CS/ARTHROCELL 3D)

Co.don (Teltow, Germany)

No scaffold + Autologous chondrocytes

(Becher et al. 2017; Fickert et al. 2012; Siebold et al. 2018)

CaReS-1S

Arthro Kinetics Biotechnology (Krems, Austria)

Murine (rat tail) type-I collagen hydrogel + autologous chondrocytes

(Petri et al. 2013; Schneider et al. 2011)

Biocart II

Histohenics (Waltham, Massachusetts)

Fibrin/hyaluronic acid + autologous chondrocytes

(Eshed et al. 2012; Nehrer et al. 2008)

Cartipatch

Tissue Bank of France (Lyon, France)

Agarose/alginate hydrogel + autologous chondrocytes

(Selmi et al. 2008)

NeoCart

Histogenics (Waltham, Massachusetts)

Bovine type-I collagen + autologous chondrocytes

(Anderson et al. 2017; Crawford et al. 2012; Crawford et al. 2009)

RevaFlex (DeNovo ET)

Isto Technologies (St. Louis, Missouri)

No scaffold + allogeneic juvenile chondrocytes

(McCormick et al. 2013)

Novocart 3D

TETEC Tissue Engineering Technologies (Reutlingen, Germany)

Bovine type-I collagen/chondroitin sulphate + autologous chondrocytes

(Niethammer et al. 2014; Zak et al. 2014; Niethammer et al. 2017)