Implicit video feedback produces positive changes in landing mechanics

Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Table 5 Descriptive statistics for group main effect for all dependent measures at initial contact and peak

	EXP		IMP		CON		p (group)
	Mean (SD)	95% CI	Mean (SD)	95% CI	Mean (SD)	95% CI	p (group)
Heel strike
HF (°)	34.8 ± 9.3	28.9, 40.6	35 ± 12.7	29.1, 40.8	36.5 ± 8.7	30.7, 42.3	n.s.
HA (°)	−9.4 ± 4.1^a	−12.1, −6.7	− 6.7 ± 4^a	− 9.4, − 4	−7.9 ± 5.5	− 10.6, − 5.2	0.02
HAM (Nm/kg)	−0.03 ± 0.4	−0.2, 0.1	0.04 ± 0.4	−0.1, 0.2	0.04 ± 0.3	−0.1, 0.2	n.s.
KF (°)	−30.4 ± 7.2	−35.4, −25.5	− 29.7 ± 9.1	−34.6, − 24.7	− 31.6 ± 8	− 36.6, − 26.7	n.s.
KA (°)	1.1 ± 3.6	− 0.8, 2.9	1 ± 2.4	− 0.9, 2.9	0.5 ± 3.5	− 1.4, 2.4	n.s.
KAM (Nm/kg)	−0.07 ± 0.2^a	−0.2, 0.03	0.05 ± 0.2^a	−0.06, 0.2	− 0.01 ± 0.2	−0.1-0.1	0.01
Peak
HF (°)	34.8 ± 9.3	29, 40.6	34.8 ± 12.7	29, 40.7	36.6 ± 8.8	30.8, 42.4	n.s.
HA (°)	−7.9 ± 4.7^a	−10.7, 5	−3.9 ± 4.5^a	−6.8, − 1.1	−6.2 ± 5.8	−9.1, − 3.3	< 0.001
HAM (Nm/kg)	− 1 ± 0.4^a	− 1.3, −0.8	−1.3 ± 0.6^a	− 1.5, − 1	− 1.1 ± 0.4	−1.4, − 0.8	0.02
KF (°)	−107.3 ± 14.8	− 116.7, − 98	− 103.7 ± 15.1	− 113.1, − 94.3	− 101.6 ± 16	− 111, − 92.3	n.s.
KA (°)	−5.1 ± 4.8	− 7, − 3.3	−4.8 ± 3.1	− 6.6, − 2.9	−4.6 ± 4.1	− 6.4, − 2.7	n.s.
KAM (Nm/kg)	− 0.3 ± 0.2^a	− 0.4, − 0.3	−0.4 ± 0.2^a	− 0.5, − 0.3	−0.4 ± 0.2	− 0.5, − 0.3	n.s
GRF (N)	2139.5 ± 326	1937, 2342	2120.7 ± 418	1918, 2323	2132.3 ± 371	1930, 2335	n.s.

Mean ± standard deviation (SD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)
Hip flexion (HF), hip abduction (HA), hip abduction moment (HAM), knee flexion (KF), knee abduction (KA), knee abduction moment (KAM)
Implicit group (IG), explicit group (EG), Control group (CG)
^aStatistically significant results; n.s.-not significant results