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Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
Fig. 3 | Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Fig. 3

From: Effects of combined rAAV-mediated TGF-β and sox9 gene transfer and overexpression on the metabolic and chondrogenic activities in human bone marrow aspirates

Fig. 3

Biosynthetic activities and chondrogenic differentiation processes in human bone marrow aspirates co-transduced with rAAV-hTGF-β/rAAV-FLAG-hsox9. Aspirates were treated and maintained in culture as described in Figs. 1 and 2. The samples were processed after 21 days to evaluate the production of (a) matrix proteoglycans (toluidine blue staining) and type-II collagen (immunostaining) (original magnification x20, bar = 100 μm, insets at x40, all representative data) with histomorphometric analyses of the intensities of toluidine blue staining (b) and of type-II collagen immunostaining (c), and (d) by estimating the proteoglycan contents in the aspirates as described in the Materials and Methods. *,**Statistically significant compared with control groups (rAAV-lacZ, no vector condition) (*p ≤ 0.050, **p ≤ 0.010)

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