Fig. 2

Suture methods. a Single vertical suture. b Double vertical suture. Repairs were performed with vertical suture at intervals of 5-mm. c Stacked vertical suture. The superior sutures were placed first close to the superior gap, and the inferior sutures were then placed. In the photo, though only one suture was on the upper side, another suture was on the lower side. d Horizontal suture. The distance between first and second delivery needle were 5-mm