Table 3 Summary of kinetic data at initial contact (IC) and peak during weight acceptance (peak) for all subjects. Values are normalized to % body weight × height

Trunk Flexion Moment

Neutral

-1.36 ± 3.60

7.37 ± 3.20

Toe-out

-1.36 ± 2.52

1.00

6.57 ± 3.14

0.048*

Toe-in

-1.34 ± 2.31

0.987

6.87 ± 2.87

0.701

Trunk Lateral Moment

Neutral

0.70 ± 6.56

5.49 ± 3.20

Toe-out

0.05 ± 5.02

0.698

5.58 ± 3.89

0.995

Toe-in

0.12 ± 3.07

0.815

9.64 ± 5.29

0.092

Hip Flexion Moment

Neutral

1.12 ± 8.60

13.70 ± 5.73

Toe-out

-0.22 ± 7.40

0.917

14.04 ± 5.30

0.620

Toe-in

2.67 ± 10.42

0.948

13.18 ± 4.40

0.767

Hip Adduction Moment

Neutral

-1.66 ± 3.57

3.73 ± 3.12

Toe-out

-1.25 ± 4.58

0.374

2.58 ± 1.87

0.745

Toe-in

0.42 ± 4.40

0.043*

5.26 ± 4.36

0.001*

Knee Flexion Moment

Neutral

0.89 ± 3.81

13.95 ± 5.80

Toe-out

1.72 ± 4.15

0.447

14.89 ± 8.27

0.259

Toe-in

0.46 ± 5.30

0.129

15.53 ± 8.21

0.0074*

Knee Abduction Moment

Neutral

0.85 ± 1.72

4.85 ± 2.76

Toe-out

0.74 ± 2.10

0.935

5.19 ± 3.38

0.814

Toe-in

1.31 ± 2.71

0.336

5.45 ± 4.12

0.314

Knee Internal Rotation Moment

Neutral

0.94 ± 0.60

Toe-out

1.05 ± 1.13

< 0.001*

Toe-in

1.22 ± 1.02

< 0.001*

Knee External Rotation Moment

Neutral

0.18 ± 0.43

0.43 ± 0.34

Toe-out

0.18 ± 0.41

0.605

0.49 ± 0.32

0.519

Toe-in

0.11 ± 0.47

0.628

0.15 ± 0.44

< 0.001*

Ankle Dorsiflexion Moment

Neutral

1.64 ± 1.98

7.68 ± 2.93

Toe-out

1.72 ± 1.79

0.929

8.23 ± 3.58

0.784

Toe-in

1.57 ± 1.91

0.925

8.68 ± 3.94

0.157

Foot Pronation Moment

Neutral

1.31 ± 1.16

3.49 ± 1.37

Toe-out

1.55 ± 1.03

< 0.001*

3.88 ± 1.57

0.026*

Toe-in

0.87 ± 0.86

< 0.001*

2.17 ± 1.00

< 0.001*