Table 1 Criteria for Inclusion and Exclusion
Inclusion | Exclusion | |
|---|---|---|
General | • Age: 18 to 40 years • Informed consent | • Previous or current clinical diagnosis of serious pathology (such as malignancy) • Previous or current other clinical diagnosis of specific knee conditions (such as patellar instability or dislocation, jumpers knee, meniscus tears, or other ligament injury) • Previous surgery (ankle, knee, hip, or lower back) |
PFP patients | • Pain: ∘ experienced around and/or behind the patella ∘ aggravated by one or more of the following activities: squatting, stair ambulation, jogging/running, hopping/ jumping ∘ lasting for three months or longer ∘ not as a result of trauma • Experience worst pain levels of at least 3 / 10 on a visual analogue scale (VAS-W) during previous week | • Positive FABER/FADDIR (referred pain from the hip joint) |
Healthy controls | • Previous diagnosis of PFP • Complaints of ankle, knee, hip, or lower back over the past six months requiring attention from a health care professional (physician, physical therapist), or resulting in missing more than one game, competition, or training |