Table 1 Application of Large Language Models (LLMs) and ChatGPT in orthopedics
From: ChatGPT and large language models in orthopedics: from education and surgery to research
Sl. No | Al tool used | Features | Category | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ChatGPT | Helps in multiple aspects of spinal surgery, including precisely supporting surgeons, and with the aftercare of patients undergoing endoscopic spinal surgery due to lumbar disc herniation | Surgery | [44] |
2 | ChatGPT | Generates DL models for medical images to correctly detect bone metastases within the bone scans of numerous patients with cancer | Diagnosis | [45] |
3 | Deep neural network (AI) model | Used to diagnose bone metastasis; its evaluation is similar to that of human physicians | Diagnosis | [46] |
4 | AI-chatbot (ChatGPT) | Used to track activities, evaluate diagnostic images, predict the risk of injury, etc. | Diagnosis | [47] |
5 | ChatGPT | Applied to assess the section 1 of the fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (Trauma & Orthopedics) examination. It justified the role of ChatGPT in medical service provision and education | Education | [48] |
6 | ChatGPT | Assists orthopedic practitioners by providing rapid access to large amounts of medical information, research papers, and accurate treatment guidelines. Additionally, it supports clinicians in making correct diagnoses, choosing suitable treatment options, and developing personalized care plans for patients | Research | [49] |
7 | ChatGPT | Provides support for queries related to total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty by question type and topic to provide credible information | Surgery | [50] |
8 | LLMs and ChatGPT | Used to investigate the orthopedic surgery board examination (American Board) by challenging performance and knowledge that are equivalent to that of a first-year orthopedic surgery resident | Education | [51] |