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Table 3 Timing of muscle onset and mean activity during the single leg squat task before and after the Posterior X Taping (PXT) and Real-Time Feedback (RTF) interventions^

From: The effects of the Posterior X Taping versus augmented feedback on lower-extremity kinematic and muscle activity pattern during unilateral weight-bearing activities in men with tibiofemoral varus malalignment

Variables

Groups

p value

RTF

PXT

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Time

Main

Effect

Group

Main Effect

Group × 

Time Interaction

Mean muscle activity, % Peak RMS

 VM

Eccentric

0.91 ± 0.16

0.97 ± 0.14

0.93 ± 0.12

0.95 ± 0.09

.122

.954

.540

Concentric

1.23 ± 0.17

1.22 ± 0.15

1.18 ± 0.19

1.18 ± 0.20

.913

.650

.973

 VL

Eccentric

0.94 ± 0.15

1.00 ± 0.12

0.95 ± 0.09

1.00 ± 0.09

.051

.831

.732

Concentric

1.17 ± 0.18

1.14 ± 0.17

1.13 ± 0.21

1.10 ± 0.20

.112

.670

.898

 Gmed

Eccentric

.077 ± 0.09

0.84 ± 0.12a

0.75 ± 0.07

0.80 ± 0.13

.005*

.554

.507

Concentric

1.26 ± 0.06

1.20 ± 0.13

1.26 ± 0.06

1.26 ± 0.06

.277

.446

.384

 TFL

Eccentric

1.01 ± 0.07

1.02 ± 0.06

1.04 ± 0.06

1.06 ± 0.07

.477

.288

.890

Concentric

1.02 ± 0.16

1.01 ± 0.10

1.00 ± 0.14

0.97 ± 0.15

.443

.658

.810

 VM:VL Ratio

Eccentric

0.97 ± 0.07

0.97 ± 0.05

0.97 ± 0.07

0.95 ± 0.08

.345

.696

.666

Concentric

1.06 ± 0.07

1.08 ± 0.06

1.05 ± 0.07

1.09 ± 0.10

.132

.966

.658

 Gmed:TFL Ratio

Eccentric

0.75 ± 0.08

0.82 ± 0.11

0.72 ± 0.05

0.75 ± 0.11

.057

.198

.546

Concentric

1.27 ± 0.25

1.20 ± 0.19

1.29 ± 0.19

1.31 ± 0.21

.605

.526

.207

Onset timing, ms

 VM

124.87 ± 177.58

108.34 ± 184.79

135.62 ± 104.09

89.87 ± 84.07

.130

.517

.405

 VL

221.87 ± 232.08

191.01 ± 200.05

190.37 ± 77.23

119.87 ± 92.67

.985

.190

.426

 Gmed

132.75 ± 238.46

35.50 ± 54.80

85.12 ± 141.215

37.25 ± 59.22

.073

.715

.521

 TFL

144.01 ± 176.68

30.62 ± 28.50

52.62 ± 31.62

88.01 ± 93.80

.256

.671

.070

  1. VM Vastus medialis, VL Vastus lateralis, Gmed Gluteus medius, TFL Tensor fasciae latae
  2. awithin-group difference
  3. bbetween-group difference
  4. ^Data are presented as mean ± SD
  5. *Significant level: p ≤ .05; Bonferroni post-hoc test